The Courts shall comprise:

1. i:
   Courts of First Instance;
2. ii:
   a Court of Appeal; and
3. iii:
   a Court of Final Appeal.

1. 1°:
   The Courts of First Instance shall include a High Court invested with full original jurisdiction in and power to determine all matters and questions whether of law or fact, civil or criminal.
2. 2°:
   Save as otherwise provided by this Article, the jurisdiction of the High Court shall extend to the question of the validity of any law having regard to the provisions of this Constitution, and no such question shall be raised (whether by pleading, argument or otherwise) in any Court established under this or any other Article of this Constitution other than the High Court, the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court.
3. 3°:
   No Court whatever shall have jurisdiction to question the validity of a law, or any provision of a law, the Bill for which shall have been referred to the Supreme Court by the President under Article 26 of this Constitution, or to question the validity of a provision of a law where the corresponding provision in the Bill for such law shall have been referred to the Supreme Court by the President under the said Article 26.
4. 4°:
   The Courts of First Instance shall also include Courts of local and limited jurisdiction with a right of appeal as determined by law.

1. 1°:

   The Court of Appeal shall—

   1. i:
      save as otherwise provided by this Article, and
   2. ii:
      with such exceptions and subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by law,

   have appellate jurisdiction from all decisions of the High Court, and shall also have appellate jurisdiction from such decisions of other courts as may be prescribed by law.

2. 2°:
   No law shall be enacted excepting from the appellate jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal cases which involve questions as to the validity of any law having regard to the provisions of this Constitution.
3. 3°:
   The decision of the Court of Appeal shall be final and conclusive, save as otherwise provided by this Article.

1. 1°:
   The Court of Final Appeal shall be called the Supreme Court.
2. 2°:
   The president of the Supreme Court shall be called the Chief Justice.
3. 3°:

   The Supreme Court shall, subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by law, have appellate jurisdiction from a decision of the Court of Appeal if the Supreme Court is satisfied that—

   1. i:
      the decision involves a matter of general public importance, or
   2. ii:
      in the interests of justice it is necessary that there be an appeal to the Supreme Court.
4. 4°:

   Notwithstanding section 4.1° hereof, the Supreme Court shall, subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by law, have appellate jurisdiction from a decision of the High Court if the Supreme Court is satisfied that there are exceptional circumstances warranting a direct appeal to it, and a precondition for the Supreme Court being so satisfied is the presence of either or both of the following factors:

   1. i:
      the decision involves a matter of general public importance;
   2. ii:
      the interests of justice.
5. 5°:
   No law shall be enacted excepting from the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court cases which involve questions as to the validity of any law having regard to the provisions of this Constitution.
6. 6°:
   The decision of the Supreme Court shall in all cases be final and conclusive.

1. 1°:

   Every person appointed a judge under this Constitution shall make and subscribe the following declaration:

   "In the presence of Almighty God I do solemnly and sincerely promise and declare that I will duly and faithfully and to the best of my knowledge and power execute the office of Chief Justice (or as the case may be) without fear or favour, affection or ill-will towards any man, and that I will uphold the Constitution and the laws. May God direct and sustain me."

2. 2°:
   This declaration shall be made and subscribed by the Chief Justice in the presence of the President, and by each of the other judges of the Supreme Court, the judges of the Court of Appeal, the judges of the High Court and the judges of every other Court in the presence of the Chief Justice or the senior available judge of the Supreme Court in open court.
3. 3°:
   The declaration shall be made and subscribed by every judge before entering upon his duties as such judge, and in any case not later than ten days after the date of his appointment or such later date as may be determined by the President.
4. 4°:
   Any judge who declines or neglects to make such declaration as aforesaid shall be deemed to have vacated his office.